What is Neutron Scattering?

Neutron Scattering Education

The neutron is an ideal tool for probing solids and liquids. Like light, electrons and x-rays, neutrons can be used to "see" atomic structure. Neutrons generated in research reactors are scattered by atoms in the material being probed. The way in which the neutrons are scattered reveals the sample’s structure and dynamics of molecules in detail.

The Neutron

• Is one of the building blocks of atoms along with protons and electrons.
• Unlike protons and electrons it has no charge, so it passes through the electron cloud which surrounds the nucleus. This makes neutrons very penetrative compared with electrons and X-rays. It also means they give unique information about many elements, especially hydrogen.
• Is like a tiny magnet, so neutrons can probe magnetic materials, like those containing iron, to reveal magnetic structure.
• Has an energy similar to the vibrational energy of atoms in solids and liquids. This means neutrons can "see" in detail the motions of atoms in molecules.

Life Sciences

Neutron scattering is contributing to the biotechnology revolution. The current research areas include drug design, protein structure, membranes and human kinetics. Potential advances include new medicines and better treatments for injury and disease.

Engineering

Industry uses in situ neutron studies to check and improve welds, and mechanical and thermal properties of industrial components. Neutron imaging techniques are used in quality control studies to detect internal flaws in critical equipment. The aerospace, marine, petrochemical and defence industries benefit from these techniques.

Scientists are using neutron scattering to work out the relationship between composition and structure of materials, and their properties. This guides them in designing new materials for 21st century, such as opto-electronics, room temperature superconductors, nanostructures, and a new generation of tougher ceramics.

Earth and Environmental Sciences

Scientists use neutrons to study minerals at high pressure and temperature to understand the geological history of earth. Neutrons can also provide much information on the shape and behaviour of minerals and on mineral extraction processes. This knowledge allows for more efficient mining practices. Other research areas include developing better methods for the disposal of radioactive waste.

Physics

Physics is the starting point for understanding the fundamental properties of advanced materials, including magnetism, and superconductivity. Neutrons lend themselves to the study of dynamic phenomena such as superfluids and how the structure of materials change when you vary the environment around them.

Chemistry

Neutron studies reveal crystal structure and dynamics of materials. They shed light on hydrogen bonding, how chemical reactions work and how atoms move in molecules. This increased understanding is of important benefit to the study of plastics, batteries and new materials that will be important in the development of hydrogen fuel systems.